this post was submitted on 20 Jan 2025
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Image is of many Hamas soldiers supervising the handing over of Israeli hostages to cars heading out of the Gaza Strip.

After 15 months of genocide - and resistance to it - the Israeli regime realized that they could not win a military victory against Hamas, and were forced to sign a humiliating ceasefire in order to get their hostages returned.

With much of Syria under the control of Al-Qaeda, and an increasing level of covert infiltration into Lebanon, the crisis in the Middle East is not over, and we may still be in its beginning stages, as the center of hegemony continues its gradual shift away from the United States. Their navy, once considered the best in the world, is likely also not very happy about their ships and aircraft carriers being forced to retreat by Yemen, one of the poorest countries; and all eyes are on Iran, who has, over the last year and a half, demonstrated a newfound confidence and strength to directly strike Israel.

The recovery for Gaza will take, at a minimum, decades; it could indeed never fully recovery to even how it was before, considering it is not in Israel's interests to see their concentration camps recover. But Hamas has proven to be steadfast and the tunnel network has proven its resilience, despite facing some of the most powerful conventional bombing in history. This shows that Palestine's liberation is a when, not an if; and hopefully a much sooner "when" than expected before October 7th.


Last week's thread is here. The Imperialism Reading Group is here.

Please check out the HexAtlas!

The bulletins site is here. Currently not used.
The RSS feed is here. Also currently not used.

Israel-Palestine Conflict

If you have evidence of Israeli crimes and atrocities that you wish to preserve, there is a thread here in which to do so.

Sources on the fighting in Palestine against Israel. In general, CW for footage of battles, explosions, dead people, and so on:

UNRWA reports on Israel's destruction and siege of Gaza and the West Bank.

English-language Palestinian Marxist-Leninist twitter account. Alt here.
English-language twitter account that collates news.
Arab-language twitter account with videos and images of fighting.
English-language (with some Arab retweets) Twitter account based in Lebanon. - Telegram is @IbnRiad.
English-language Palestinian Twitter account which reports on news from the Resistance Axis. - Telegram is @EyesOnSouth.
English-language Twitter account in the same group as the previous two. - Telegram here.

English-language PalestineResist telegram channel.
More telegram channels here for those interested.

Russia-Ukraine Conflict

Examples of Ukrainian Nazis and fascists
Examples of racism/euro-centrism during the Russia-Ukraine conflict

Sources:

Defense Politics Asia's youtube channel and their map. Their youtube channel has substantially diminished in quality but the map is still useful.
Moon of Alabama, which tends to have interesting analysis. Avoid the comment section.
Understanding War and the Saker: reactionary sources that have occasional insights on the war.
Alexander Mercouris, who does daily videos on the conflict. While he is a reactionary and surrounds himself with likeminded people, his daily update videos are relatively brainworm-free and good if you don't want to follow Russian telegram channels to get news. He also co-hosts The Duran, which is more explicitly conservative, racist, sexist, transphobic, anti-communist, etc when guests are invited on, but is just about tolerable when it's just the two of them if you want a little more analysis.
Simplicius, who publishes on Substack. Like others, his political analysis should be soundly ignored, but his knowledge of weaponry and military strategy is generally quite good.
On the ground: Patrick Lancaster, an independent and very good journalist reporting in the warzone on the separatists' side.

Unedited videos of Russian/Ukrainian press conferences and speeches.

Pro-Russian Telegram Channels:

Again, CW for anti-LGBT and racist, sexist, etc speech, as well as combat footage.

https://t.me/aleksandr_skif ~ DPR's former Defense Minister and Colonel in the DPR's forces. Russian language.
https://t.me/Slavyangrad ~ A few different pro-Russian people gather frequent content for this channel (~100 posts per day), some socialist, but all socially reactionary. If you can only tolerate using one Russian telegram channel, I would recommend this one.
https://t.me/s/levigodman ~ Does daily update posts.
https://t.me/patricklancasternewstoday ~ Patrick Lancaster's telegram channel.
https://t.me/gonzowarr ~ A big Russian commentator.
https://t.me/rybar ~ One of, if not the, biggest Russian telegram channels focussing on the war out there. Actually quite balanced, maybe even pessimistic about Russia. Produces interesting and useful maps.
https://t.me/epoddubny ~ Russian language.
https://t.me/boris_rozhin ~ Russian language.
https://t.me/mod_russia_en ~ Russian Ministry of Defense. Does daily, if rather bland updates on the number of Ukrainians killed, etc. The figures appear to be approximately accurate; if you want, reduce all numbers by 25% as a 'propaganda tax', if you don't believe them. Does not cover everything, for obvious reasons, and virtually never details Russian losses.
https://t.me/UkraineHumanRightsAbuses ~ Pro-Russian, documents abuses that Ukraine commits.

Pro-Ukraine Telegram Channels:

Almost every Western media outlet.
https://discord.gg/projectowl ~ Pro-Ukrainian OSINT Discord.
https://t.me/ice_inii ~ Alleged Ukrainian account with a rather cynical take on the entire thing.


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[–] carpoftruth@hexbear.net 94 points 6 days ago* (last edited 5 days ago) (10 children)

I can tell you're all excited about inauguration shitposting and so as a treat I will not remove all these not newsworthy posts. Get it out of your system now as tomorrow we will be back to our usual schedule of mod tyranny. Also, everyone shitposting now had better be thinking about what useful content they can bring to the thread later in the week.

edit: I encourage those shitposting on this blessed day to join the imperialism book club

Edit 2: it is now tomorrow. mod tyranny is back on the menu

load more comments (10 replies)
[–] Alaskaball@hexbear.net 66 points 6 days ago* (last edited 6 days ago)

HEAR YEA

HEAR YEA

I, the resident town crier am here to screm at the top of my lungs at the crack of dawn that the 72T Imperialist Book Club has kicked off and people are dropping their analysis' like it's hot

CLICK HERE AND LET YOUR BRAIN FEAST ON THIS MOST SUMPTUOUS KNOWLEDGE SO THAT IT CAN GROW BIG AND STRONG LIKE THE FICTICIOUS HORSE!

The News Megathread Imperialism Reading Group: Week 1 - January 13th to January 19th, 2025

IGNORE THE FACT IT IS THE 20TH AND GO READ YHROUGJ THE THRED

CLICK HERE FOR HOT MARRIED REVOLUTIONARIES WRITING ECONOMIC ESSAYS WEEK 2

The News Megathread Imperialism Reading Group: Week 2 - January 20th to January 26th, 2025

[–] MarmiteLover123@hexbear.net 5 points 39 minutes ago* (last edited 23 minutes ago) (1 children)

Well it seems that despite the brave face and fiery rhetoric from Colombia, they have completely folded on the key issue towards the United States, the issue of the freedom of navigation for US military aircraft in Colombia. United States military aircraft are allowed to fly into Colombia unrestricted, including to deport migrants, according to a statement from the White House. In exchange, the sanctions and tarrifs on Colombia are placed in reserve, and the visa restrictions will be lifted as soon as the first US plane lands. Colombian president Gustavo Petro reposted this statement on twitter, before quickly deleting the repost.

Axios News: Trump pausing Colombia tariffs after migrants deal, White House says, 27 January 2025

So now the question is what does this mean for México, will they also fold to the US and allow US military transport aircraft to fly deportation flights inside their airspace? Colombia only managed to resist for half a day, and got made an example of quickly. The warning is loud and clear. The United States is prepared to follow through on their threats. Trump is actually serious about this, or at least playing the part. México don't really have many options here. I also think these kind of power moves will be very popular amongst the average US citizen, so there can be no reliance on any internal resistance to stop it.

[–] GVAGUY3@hexbear.net 1 points 10 minutes ago

Could they even do anything considering there already is US bases there?

[–] plinky@hexbear.net 5 points 40 minutes ago

seems like colombia folded?

https://xcancel.com/spectatorindex/status/1883720551207997521

smh condos in miami continue winning

[–] GVAGUY3@hexbear.net 1 points 5 minutes ago

Latin America is going to go through hell for at least the next four years

[–] whatdoiputhere12@hexbear.net 20 points 2 hours ago (1 children)
[–] Wertheimer@hexbear.net 11 points 1 hour ago (2 children)
[–] whatdoiputhere12@hexbear.net 8 points 1 hour ago (1 children)

Jesus Christ nearly 8 months stuck on a boat, and seeing that the case could stretch on for years..

Is it bad that this is the first time I’m hearing of this? Just get a damn helicopter and get the crew out

oh what the hell am I even expecting anymore

[–] MarmiteLover123@hexbear.net 5 points 1 hour ago (1 children)

Wait until you hear about the boat crews that were stuck in Yemen for 15 months after their ship got seized by Ansar Allah

[–] GnastyGnuts@hexbear.net 6 points 56 minutes ago

Probably a way better time.

[–] FunkyStuff@hexbear.net 6 points 1 hour ago

https://www.cbsnews.com/baltimore/news/dali-crewmembers-still-in-baltimore-months-after-key-bridge-collapse-heres-the-latest/

Seems like they only spent 3 months before being allowed to disembark but they're still stuck in Baltimore

[–] TechnoAnomie@hexbear.net 20 points 2 hours ago

As clansman in chief quickly realizes the instability of the status quo and goes for the genocide accelerator:

You’re talking about probably a million and a half people. And we just clean out that whole thing. Over the centuries it’s had many, many conflicts, that site. And I don’t know, something has to happen.

Some people were paying attention to the 1.5 million number. Out of 2.4 million 16 months ago.

One a more hopeful note, if what I read is true, and the Arab regimes are not that stable, things could escalate very quickly if he tries to use the finesse he's bringing to his mandate.

[–] thelastaxolotl@hexbear.net 23 points 3 hours ago

Since Columbia is probably getting 25-50% of tariffs on its Exports to the USA this is a chard with some of the stuff they sell to the US

the most important seem to be Coffee which makes up about 20% of total US imports and Flowers which i think someone here mention that Roses from Colombia are around 90% of USA imports

[–] BigBoyKarlLiebknecht@hexbear.net 23 points 3 hours ago

Jeremy Corbyn’s cat, El Gato has passed away

He was less popular with much of the wider media, and was – like me – subject to intense activity of the right-wing press who wished to smear his character. He was very much of the Left, and wanted a socially just and fair society.

Indeed, at one time he brought a stray cat into his orbit, sharing his shelter and food.

As this shows, El Gato was very empathetic to the needs of a homeless cat.

[–] sempersigh@hexbear.net 33 points 4 hours ago* (last edited 4 hours ago) (4 children)

President Petro put out this I translated to English

Trump, I don't really like traveling to the USA, it's a bit boring, but I confess there are commendable things, I like to go to the Black neighborhoods of Washington, there I saw an entire fight in the capital of the USA between Blacks and Latinos with barricades, which seemed silly to me, because they should unite.

I confess that I like Walt Whitman and Paul Simon and Noam Chomsky and Miller.

I confess that Sacco and Vanzetti, who have my blood, in the history of the USA, are memorable and I follow them. They were murdered for being labor leaders with the electric chair, the fascists who are inside the USA as within my own country.

I don't like your oil, Trump, it will end the human species because of greed. Perhaps someday, over a glass of whiskey that I would accept, despite my gastritis, we can talk frankly about this, but it's difficult because you consider me an inferior race and I am not, nor is any Colombian.

So if you know someone stubborn, that's me, period. You can with your economic power and your arrogance try to stage a coup d'état like they did with Allende. But I will die upholding my principles, I resisted torture and I resist you. I don't want enslavers next to Colombia, we already had many and we freed ourselves. What I want next to Colombia are lovers of freedom. If you cannot accompany me, I will go elsewhere. Colombia is the heart of the world and you didn't understand, this is the land of yellow butterflies, of the beauty of Remedios, but also of the colonels Aureliano Buendía, of whom I am one of them, perhaps the last one.

You will kill me, but I will survive in my people who are before yours, in the Americas. We are peoples of the winds, the mountains, of the Caribbean Sea and of freedom.

You do not like our freedom, fine. I do not shake hands with white slavers. I shake the hands of white libertarians, heirs of Lincoln and of the young Black and white farmers of the USA, before whose tombs I wept and prayed in a battlefield, which I reached after walking mountains of the Italian Tuscany and after saving myself from Covid.

They are the USA and before them I kneel, before no one else.

Overthrow me president and the Americas and humanity will respond to you.

Colombia now stops looking north, looks at the world, our blood comes from the blood of the Caliphate of Cordoba, civilization at that time, of the Roman Latins of the Mediterranean, civilization at that time, who founded the republic, democracy in Athens; our blood has the resistant Blacks turned into slaves by you. In Colombia is the first free territory of America, before Washington, of all of America, there I take refuge in their African songs.

My land is of goldsmithing existing in the time of the Egyptian pharaohs, and of the first artists of the world in Chiribiquete.

You will never dominate us. The warrior who rode our lands, shouting freedom and who is called Bolívar opposes you.

Our peoples are somewhat fearful, somewhat timid, they are naive and kind, loving, but they will know how to win back the Panama Canal, which you took from us with violence. Two hundred heroes from all of Latin America lie in Bocas del Toro, current Panama, before Colombia, whom you murdered.

I raise a flag and as Gaitán said, even if I am left alone, it will remain hoisted with Latin American dignity which is the dignity of America, which your great-grandfather did not know, and mine did, Mr. President immigrant in the USA.

Your blockade does not scare me; because Colombia, besides being the country of beauty, is the heart of the world. I know you love beauty as I do, do not disrespect it and it will offer you its sweetness.

COLOMBIA FROM TODAY OPENS TO THE WHOLE WORLD, WITH OPEN ARMS, WE ARE BUILDERS OF FREEDOM, LIFE AND HUMANITY.

I am informed that you put a 50% tariff on our fruit of human labor to enter the USA, I will do the same.

Let our people sow corn that was discovered in Colombia and feed the world. source in spanish(x link)

[–] FuckyWucky@hexbear.net 15 points 3 hours ago
[–] Redcuban1959@hexbear.net 21 points 3 hours ago (2 children)

I already translated this tweet sad-boi

Just another point to add. When Petro says "COLOMBIA FROM TODAY OPENS TO THE WHOLE WORLD, WITH OPEN ARMS, WE ARE BUILDERS OF FREEDOM, LIFE AND HUMANITY." many people said that Petro is already negociating with China and Brazil to join BRICS.

[–] sempersigh@hexbear.net 20 points 3 hours ago

Oh my bad I must have missed it the scoop is yours!

Just another point to add. When Petro says "COLOMBIA FROM TODAY OPENS TO THE WHOLE WORLD, WITH OPEN ARMS, WE ARE BUILDERS OF FREEDOM, LIFE AND HUMANITY." many people said that Petro is already negociating with China and Brazil to join BRICS.

[–] thelastaxolotl@hexbear.net 16 points 3 hours ago

I believe that comes from a call he had with Lula about the emergency CELAC summit that Honduras called, they talks about alternatives to trading with the USA

[–] thelastaxolotl@hexbear.net 21 points 3 hours ago

Colombia now stops looking north, looks at the world, our blood comes from the blood of the Caliphate of Cordoba, civilization at that time

well thats going to piss off some spaniards

[–] MarmiteLover123@hexbear.net 18 points 4 hours ago* (last edited 4 hours ago) (1 children)

So Colombia is looking to fight it by imposing counter tarrifs, at least for now.

I guess negotiations/concessions by Colombia around using the Colombian presidental plane to transport immigrants went badly, because that was never the key issue. The key issue was freedom of navigation for US Air Force aircraft over the region. The US could have chartered civilian aircraft to transport the migrants, but they did not do so. They have been using military transport planes for a reason.

[–] sempersigh@hexbear.net 20 points 4 hours ago (1 children)

From what I understand the migrants are in shackles and they can’t even use the bathroom during the flight. Brazil has already complained about this in addition to air conditioning “not working” during the flight. So I imagine this is also a sticking point for the Colombians because they have received plenty of Colombians from Biden on civilian planes in the past

[–] MarmiteLover123@hexbear.net 17 points 4 hours ago* (last edited 3 hours ago)

Yeah the US have used civilian planes in the past for deportation flights under Biden, and even some under Trump now. As far as I know, the flight to Brazil that you mention did use a civilian aircraft, but even then the migrants were in shackles or handcuffs. So it's probably worse on a military transport aircraft. This is very much a deliberate choice here, to use these military aircraft on these flights to specific countries. The humanitarian rights of the migrants is likely a big issue for Colombia (and anyone with basic empathy) but we all know that the US does not care about that, the issue for them is about being able to fly their military aircraft where they see fit.

Some videos for today from the Donbass and Kursk oblast.

Russian forces fully liberated the important western Donetsk People’s Republic town of Velikaya Novosyolka: https://s5.cdnstatic.space/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Vid7.mp4?_=1

Russian drone operators destroyed more Kiev regime military vehicles near Dzerzhinsk (this DPR city is also close to being fully liberated): https://news-pravda.com/world/2025/01/25/1006467.html

Russian drones destroyed two more US-built “MaxxPro” armored vehicles in Kursk oblast: https://news-pravda.com/world/2025/01/26/1008016.html

[–] Praxagora@hexbear.net 33 points 4 hours ago (2 children)

Chat, is Hexbear accessible in Belarus? Lukashenko spent his 7th (Gaius Marius speedrun any%) re-election speechtelling China to step up. Is he lurking in the news mega?

"We sent greetings and congratulations to Xi Jinping and his family. [...] I won't repeat the cliches about happiness, health and success. I'll just say one thing: You must endure. Today, the future of multipolarity on our planet depends on you. If China holds strong - and I'm confident it will - we are ready to work together on this. [...] We need multipolarity. A unipolar world cannot ensure prosperity for all nations."

[–] Gucci_Minh@hexbear.net 16 points 3 hours ago* (last edited 3 hours ago)

Comrade Xi please make Lukashenko honorary colonel as he always wanted since the Soviet Union no longer can.

[–] Redcuban1959@hexbear.net 16 points 3 hours ago

Yes, there is an older Hexbear user here who is Belarusian and used to live in the US, but returned to Belarus a few days after the war in Ukraine started.

[–] Coolkidbozzy@hexbear.net 32 points 5 hours ago (5 children)

The tariffs on MX/CA are going to be REALLY bad

Like, wouldn't this kill neoliberalism in the US? At least severely weaken it? And it'll fuck over workers everywhere

Hopefully Sheinbaum nationalizes any shuttered manufacturing plants, to minimize their losses somewhat

[–] CleverOleg@hexbear.net 5 points 2 hours ago

I like Michael Hudson’s suggestion that if tariffs are enacted, Mexico (and others) should stipulate that they are not making any more payments on dollar-denominated debt until the tariffs are lifted (under the reasonable pretext that the tariffs are preventing Mexico from earning enough dollars to pay the debt, a la what the US did to Germany in the interwar period).

[–] xiaohongshu@hexbear.net 14 points 3 hours ago* (last edited 3 hours ago)

It’s a lose-lose situation.

You basically have two options here:

One, give Trump what he wants to negotiate the tariffs down, and this can even be negotiated in a way where both sides get to claim PR wins. You lose some, but you don’t lose all.

Two, resist US tariff aggression to the end. The US goes into inflation, their consumption goes down, your industries get destroyed, workers lose their jobs, recession, riots on the streets, rise in support for far right dictators (see Argentina’s Milei for reference), your government gets voted out/couped, IMF comes in to bail out your economy, the industries still got privatized in the end.

[–] thelastaxolotl@hexbear.net 14 points 3 hours ago

its going to fuck up the US treatlers for sure

[–] plinky@hexbear.net 6 points 3 hours ago* (last edited 3 hours ago)

Why would they? Canadian tariffs will literally fuck canada, but wage differential is minimal between countries (if there is oil carve out, it would be covid-lite shocks in random places). Mexico is very debatable, with finished goods/fulfillment centers carve outs it could be so-so, cause here wage differential is too great to matter and infrastructure to import too built in (you won't move your factory to save on tariffs, if it's 2 % price of the finished good)

[–] MarmiteLover123@hexbear.net 19 points 4 hours ago* (last edited 4 hours ago) (3 children)

My whacky theory is that the goal of the Trump presidency is to move away from neoliberalism and usher in a new global economic paradigm. Some marxists like Samir Amin have said that globalised neoliberalism already died in the 2008/9 financial crash, and that world leaders in the imperial core tried to restore it, but failed. So now this is what we get.

[–] xiaohongshu@hexbear.net 10 points 3 hours ago* (last edited 3 hours ago) (1 children)

Wen Tiejun recently made a video questioning whether the imperial collapse theory still holds true, and it’s an interesting take that critically looks at Amin’s theory. The bottom line is that if our theories cannot explain how the empire continues to stand (do we wait another ten years or a hundred years?), then either we are wrong or our theories still have substantial gaps to fill. I don’t necessarily agree with the take but I do believe that the left needs some introspection here.

In any case, the contradiction of US running persistent trade deficits and the fallout of deindustrialization leading to the deteriorating material conditions of the working class (which was initially embodied by the Sanders and Trump supporter base in 2015-2016, and has now consolidated into the Trump MAGA base) can no longer be denied or contained.

Jia Genliang’s thesis is that the contradiction has forced the US hand into switching its strategy, from running persistent trade deficits toward exporting the dollar in the form of foreign direct investments in order to save dollar hegemony. The ultimate goal of Trump’s tariffs is thus not a trade war nor an industrial war, but a financial war to get China to open up its capital markets.

And don’t think for a moment that this couldn’t happen: with Europe in austerity, the US printing trillions of deficits in 2023-2024, and China under unprecedented local government debt and property market crises and underwhelming consumption, the US might just find a way in.

We could see Wall Street going all in on China and shifting their assets into RMB. This could simultaneously boost China’s consumption and relieve their debt burden, slowing/stopping the deindustrialization in the US by reducing trade deficit, while at the same time keeping the dollar demand strong to maintain its hegemony.

We cannot deny capitalism’s infinite adaptability to turn every crisis into opportunity. And if the left wants to defeat capitalism, we have to stay one step ahead of it.

[–] CleverOleg@hexbear.net 4 points 2 hours ago (1 children)

I think US asset prices are a massive time bomb right now. I think when that happens, a lot of the US’ shenanigans will come to light. Until then I think we are looking through the mirror darkly, so to speak.

[–] xiaohongshu@hexbear.net 6 points 2 hours ago

We have seen that back in 2009. Lots of people lost their homes, jobs, everything. The financial sector got bailed out by Obama and they are running stronger than ever. The finance capitalists won’t be the ones that get punished, the people will bear the pain for them.

However, there is one thing that I couldn’t get my head around: the whole bitcoin reserve thing, which is completely antithetical to the dollar system as the pillar of US monetary imperialism.

I don’t know what Trump is trying to do with that, but it could pose a seriously threat and even undermine the dollar system completely if they’re not careful lol.

On the other hand, I could see the whole crypto thing being an offshore banking center to prop up the dollar (like what Michael Hudson said about it being the parallel of the US becoming the intermediary for international crime organizations to launder their drug money in the 1960s). Think about it: the US gains control over the international crime organizations simply by controlling the funnel where their money goes through. So it is entirely possible that the US wants to control all the shady entities/networks by turning itself into an intermediary for cryptocurrency, and using it to prop up the strength of the dollar.

[–] Boise_Idaho@hexbear.net 8 points 3 hours ago

Makes sense. At least in the US, the champions of neoliberalism both as an economic system and an ideology are the Democrats. Trump, among other things, represents a faction that's trying to pivot to something else.

[–] Coolkidbozzy@hexbear.net 9 points 4 hours ago* (last edited 4 hours ago)

But who wants that? Musk, Thiel, and a few other oligarchs that either want a monopoly on the US market because China beat them, don't sell physical goods, or want a different labor arrangement to low-wage workers? That can't be a very large group of capitalists

Any company with offshore manufacturing or needs to import goods won't be able to survive

[–] Redcuban1959@hexbear.net 28 points 5 hours ago

(IT'S YOONOVER) South Korean prosecutors indict impeached President Yoon Suk Yeol over his martial law - AP

Article

SEOUL, South Korea (AP) — South Korean prosecutors on Sunday indicted impeached President Yoon Suk Yeol on rebellion in connection with his short-lived imposition of martial law, a criminal charge that could incur the death penalty or life imprisonment if convicted.

This is the latest blow to Yoon, who was impeached and arrested over his Dec. 3 martial law decree that plunged the country into political turmoil, shook its financial markets and hurt its international image. Separate from criminal judicial proceedings, the Constitutional Court is now deliberating whether to formally dismiss Yoon as president or reinstate him.

Yoon has become South Korea’s first president who has been indicted while in office. He will remain jailed and be escorted from a detention facility to a Seoul court for hearings in the trial, which is expected to last about six months.

Prosecutors said in a statement that they indicted Yoon on charges that he directed a rebellion when he imposed martial law. Investigative authorities have earlier alleged that Yoon’s imposition of martial law amounted to rebellion, because he staged riots with the purpose of undermining the constitution.

Yoon’s defense team lashed out at the indictment, calling it “the worst decision” by prosecutors who they say are trying to curry favor with political forces who want Yoon’s exit.

“Today’s indictment of the president will remain as a shame in the history of South Korean prosecutors that they cannot erase,” Yoon’s defense team said in a statement. “We stress once again that a president’s declaration of martial law can never be rebellion.”

Yoon has presidential immunity from most criminal prosecutions, but the privilege doesn’t extend to allegations of rebellion or treason. By law in South Korea, the leader of a rebellion can face a life sentence or capital punishment.

Yoon, a conservative, has steadfastly denied any wrongdoing, describing his declaration of martial law as a legitimate act of governance meant to raise public awareness of the danger of the liberal-controlled National Assembly, which obstructed his agenda and impeached top officials. During his announcement of martial law, Yoon called the assembly “a den of criminals” and vowed to eliminate “shameless North Korea followers and anti-state forces.”

After declaring martial law on Dec. 3, Yoon sent troops and police officers to the assembly, but enough lawmakers still managed to enter an assembly chamber to vote down Yoon’s decree unanimously, forcing his Cabinet to lift it.

The martial law imposition, the first of its kind in South Korea in more than four decades, lasted only six hours. However, it evoked painful memories of past dictatorial rules in South Korea in the 1960s-80s when military-backed rulers used martial laws and emergency decrees to suppress opponents.

South Korea’s constitution gives the president the power to declare martial law to keep order in wartime and other comparable emergency states, but many experts say the country wasn’t under such conditions when Yoon declared martial law.

Yoon insists that he had no intentions of disrupting assembly work, including its floor vote on his decree and that deploying troops and police forces was meant to maintain order. But commanders of military units sent to the assembly have told assembly hearings or investigators that Yoon ordered them to drag out lawmakers to prevent them from overturning his decree.

Investigations on Yoon have intensified the country’s already serious internal division, with rival protesters regularly staging rallies in downtown Seoul.

After a local court on Jan. 19 approved a formal arrest warrant to extend Yoon’s detention, dozens of his supporters stormed the court building, destroying windows, doors and other property. They also attacked police officers with bricks, steel pipes and other objects. The violence left 17 police officers injured, and police said that they detained 46 protesters.

Yoon earlier resisted efforts by investigative authorities to question or detain him. He then was apprehended on Jan. 15 in a huge law enforcement operation at his presidential compound.

Leading Yoon’s investigation was the Corruption Investigation Office for High-Ranking Officials, but Yoon has refused to attend CIO questioning sessions since being detained, saying it has no legal authority to investigate rebellion allegations. The CIO has said that it can investigate Yoon’s rebellion allegation because it’s related to his purported abuse of power and other allegations.

The CIO handed over Yoon’s case to the Seoul prosecutors’ office on Friday and asked it to indict him on charges of rebellion, abuse of power and obstruction of the National Assembly. Prosecutors said they indicted Yoon only on rebellion, considering that Yoon had presidential immunity from other charges.

Yoon’s defense minister, police chief and several other military commanders have already been arrested on alleged rebellion, abuse of power and other charges related to the martial law decree.

If the Constitutional Court rules to drive Yoon out of office, a national election to choose his successor must be held within two months. Recent public surveys show that governing and opposition party candidates are running neck-and-neck in a possible presidential by-election race.

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