The "dialectics of dialectics" refers to the application of dialectical principles to analyze and understand dialectics itself—a kind of self-reflection or self-analysis within the framework of dialectical materialism. This concept is both recursive and paradoxical, as it involves using dialectical thinking to examine its own nature, functioning, and implications.
To unpack this, let’s consider how dialectics operates on itself:
-
Contradiction in Dialectics:
Dialectics, as a method of thought, identifies contradictions as the driving force of development. When applied to itself, this means that dialectics contains its own internal contradictions. For example:- On one hand, dialectics emphasizes change and motion (dynamic), yet it also seeks to provide a systematic understanding of reality (static).
- Dialectics is both a tool for analysis (abstract) and a way to grasp the concreteness of phenomena (concrete).
-
Universality and Particularity:
The universality of dialectics lies in its applicability to all spheres of existence—nature, society, and thought. Yet, when applied to itself, we see that dialectics has particular forms of expression depending on historical and cultural contexts. For instance:- Hegel’s idealist dialectics differ from Marx’s materialist dialectics.
- In China, Mao adapted dialectics to fit the specific conditions of revolutionary practice.
-
Principal Contradiction:
Within the process of understanding dialectics itself, there is a principal contradiction between its abstract universal principles and their concrete application in specific contexts. This tension forces dialecticians to constantly reconcile theory with practice. -
Identity and Struggle:
Dialectics contains within it both identity (the continuity and interdependence of opposites) and struggle (the opposition and conflict between opposites). When applied to itself, this means:- The unity of dialectical principles (identity).
- The ongoing debates and transformations in how dialectics is understood and applied (struggle).
-
Antagonism:
While most contradictions within dialectics are non-antagonistic, there can be moments where antagonism arises. For example, disputes over the "correct" interpretation of dialectical principles can lead to schisms or conflicts between different schools of thought. -
The Law of Contradiction as a Fundamental Law:
Finally, when applied to itself, dialectics reaffirms that its own law of contradiction is indeed the fundamental law of nature, society, and thought. This recursive application solidifies dialectics’ claim to be a universal method for understanding reality while also highlighting the need for constant self-critique and adaptation.
In summary, the "dialectics of dialectics" is a recursive and reflective process that enhances our theoretical understanding and practical application of dialectical principles. By applying its own principles to itself, dialectics demonstrates both its universality and its particularity, its strength as a method, and the necessity for ongoing theoretical and practical development.