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The original was posted on /r/singularity by /u/pocolai on 2024-01-09 21:36:11+00:00.
Alan Turing proposed the test in the paper "computer machinery and intelligence" from 1950. he called it "the imitation game".
however, the test is just a detail, it is used as a simple example to a much bigger point he was trying to make.
the main goal of the paper is to argue philosophically that "intelligence" and "counsciousness" of a being are properties that can only be assessed internally by the being itself and assumed externally from it's behavior.
from a part of the paper:
"According to the most extreme form of this view the only way by which
one could be sure that a machine thinks is to be the machine and to feel
oneself thinking. (...) Instead of arguing continually over this point it is usual to have
the polite convention that everyone thinks."
so this is why he proposed the test. it was just a way to try to say this in a more objective way, but the details of the test are not that relevant.
here's the paper so you can read the paper for yourselves. most of the text is fairly tractable: