Being using it for almost 2 years. Was very weird at the beginning because of the "declarative" approach they used. But once you get used to it.. Its a life changer.
this post was submitted on 16 Jun 2023
11 points (100.0% liked)
Linux
48078 readers
956 users here now
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
Rules
- Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.
- No misinformation
- No NSFW content
- No hate speech, bigotry, etc
Related Communities
Community icon by Alpár-Etele Méder, licensed under CC BY 3.0
founded 5 years ago
MODERATORS
Declarative? Could you explain?
Your whole system is defined in a file called configuration.nix. This file
describes everything about your system: all packages installed, which Desktop
Environment / Window Manager to use, and also configuration for almost
everything (e.g. zsh or neovim). When "switching" (which is basically
installing/updating the system), Nix looks at the configuration and changes your
system according to what you've declared in the configuration.nix, installing
or uninstalling packages for instance.
So, the state of your system is "declared" in a single file, which can be tracked in git or backed up wherever. If you have mulitple systems, you can also share parts of your config between them, which makes configuring and customizing stuff a lot easier.
There are a lot of other aspects, but thats the basic gist of it
That sounds really cool… so you could just take that file, do a clean install of nix, then put that file back and it’ll install all your old packages and stuff?
Basically yes
you could also go so far as to wipe your root partition (except for some selected dirs) on every boot, although I don't do that myself: https://github.com/nix-community/impermanence
Not just your packages, but all your config as well.
Also, I believe updates are transactional, so if something goes wrong in the middle it can just abort and your system isn't left in an inconsistant state. And if an update breaks something you can easily roll back to a previous version.
Is it a big learning curve? Is this the emacs equivalent of OS configuration/installation?
edit: another question - Could I play around with it by installing in qemu and if I like that, take my configuration.nix from qemu and install it as my main OS?
I'd say it's a pretty steep curve unfortunately, and nixOS is also not perfect, mind you
- The nix language (that is used for the configuration) itself has sometimes weird syntax. It's also a proper functional programming languages with all bells ans whistles that brings
- The documentation is less than ideal (to put it mildley). Most of the times you need to search reddit (rip) and the forums to find how to do certain things.
- Nix is not FHS
compliant. Basically everything is a symlink to some file in the nix store,
located in
/nix. Packages installed with nix are patched to work that way, but things not installed with it might not run out of the box
As for trying it out, yeah copying the config from the vm should work (except for maybe some hardware-specific stuff). remember to backup your stuff just in case lol
It’s also a proper functional programming languages with all bells ans whistles that brings
It's really not. It has no runtime for starters; it's a pure expression language. It can't i.e. read stdin, open a socket or do an arbitrary syscall.
The end result is always data. You could and can turn every sensible evaluation of Nix into JSON.
There are indeed side-effects but they're indirect; implied by the data that is the actual end result of an evaluation of Nix expressions. If your expression evals to a derivation (data), Nix will create a .drv file for you for example. They're well defined and not arbitrary though.
Could I play around with it by installing in qemu and if I like that, take my configuration.nix from qemu and install it as my main OS?
Absolutely. That's how I got started ;)
If you install Nix (the package manager) on your current system, you can actually directly build a vm from a config file via nixos-rebuild build-vm.
Oh my bad. Yeah you can configure almost anything in a declarative way on the /etc/nixos/configuration.nix file:
services.xserver.enable = true;
services.xserver.displayManager.gdm.enable = true;
Or
services.xserver = {
enable = true;
display manager.gdm.enable = true;
};
You can define a lot more (programs, users) and then you build the config file to take effect. By default NixOS is immutable so you can't change anything in the root partition and if there is something that broke you can rollback to a previous build!
That is very interesting! Thank's mate!
I've been using it for around a year and really like it so far. It is however very different from almost every other linux distro, so I would think carefully about it before switching. If you're not prepared to invest significant time and/or don't really care about the advantages of NixOS, you should stay away from it.
Pros of NixOS:
- Declarative configuration: This is probably the main selling point. The whole system configuration and installed packages are neatly in one place. Using home-manager, this can also replace config files for many programs. All of this is especially useful if you share that configuration between multiple devices.
- System rollbacks: If something breaks, simply boot into the previous generation.
- Very customizable system: You can freely choose your desktop environment & basic system packages.
Pros of Nix in general (you don't need to install NixOS for this):
- Huge package repository (also very up-to-date if you want to use the unstable channel)
- Consistent developer environments that can easily be shared
Cons of Nix & NixOS:
- Very steep learning curve: You essentially have to learn (the basics of) the Nix programming language.
- There are often many ways to do things without any clear recommendation: Channels / Flakes, whether nix-env should be used, etc.
- The documentation isn't always great (although it is improving)
- If something is not packaged in nixpkgs, it can be difficult to run it, since NixOS doesn't follow the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard. There are some tools to run flatpaks, appimages and arbitrary executables, but especially the later might not always work out of the box.
I hear you with the "many ways to do things". The flexibility in the language to get from input to outputs means every GIT I look at has differently constructed flakes. Finally, after pouring some time in these last couple of weeks i am grasping the basics. Zero to Linux https://zero-to-nix.com/ was the first time it came together for me.
Take this with a grain of salt.
I loved using NixOS with flakes, home-manager and custom minimalistic setup with XMonad or Sway. I was also using Nix with direnv whenever I could for my development projects. At the same time I've noticed that a lot of my programming focus (and time) was being used by solving niche issues with Nix, packaging things for Nix, suddenly breaking applications (because of upstream changes within nixpkgs). I've also had issues with using other ways of providing development environment (npm, pip stuff etc).
I was using unstable channel so breakages part is most likely on me. But apart from that I'm left with the feeling that NixOS is a huge time sink which isn't necessarily worth it if you aren't managing a whole fleet of machines.
Nowadays I am happy not using Nix at all. My development needs are fullfilled by what is available via dnf (Fedora package manager) and npm. I also use podman containers and flatpak a lot more since I've switched to Silverblue.
I am both a fan of NixOS and The Linux Experiment, but I'm kind of surprised he liked it so much.
I feel like nix could be a good 'project' distro, but I would hesitate on installing it on my main computer until I was quite familiar with it and had a few months with it on another computer.
NixOS: The Most Over-Engineered Linux Distribution