UK Nature and Environment

A marine biologist has recorded more types of plastic bottle washed up on Guernsey's beaches than the total variety of fish in UK waters.

In the last seven years Richard Lord said he had logged more than 330 types - the same number as the total of different fish species recorded by the UK government, external.

He said: "Plastic water bottles are a single use item that get discarded in unimaginable amounts and it litters the environment all over the world."

Leading scientists have criticised the UK government for failing to take stronger action to tackle “forever chemical” pollution and refusing to match moves in the EU to ban non-essential uses of the substances.

Last year, 59 experts in per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) sent a letter to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) asking it to follow the science, which has established that PFAS do not biodegrade and that despite variations in toxicity, this persistence itself is sufficiently worrying that all PFAS should be regulated as one class.

PFAS pollution is so widespread that the chemicals are thought to be in the blood of almost every human on the planet. Of the more than 10,000 known to be in existence, two are widely banned after decades of scientific study that eventually proved them to be toxic and linked to cancers as well as a range of other serious diseases.

The window to stop the decline of England’s nature is swiftly closing, the environmental watchdog has said, as its latest report finds that the government is falling short on most of its targets to improve the environment.

Some of Labour’s actions, however, including setting up a water commission and writing a new environmental improvement plan, were praised by the Office for Environmental Protection (OEP) in its annual review of how the government was meeting the legally binding environment targets.

The OEP’s chair, Glenys Stacey, said: “With each passing month, the window of opportunity to redress environmental harms is closing, while the effort needed and cost to do so increases. This government must act urgently and decisively to catch up if it is to meet its legal obligations.

Experts are warning of the risks of spreading invasive and non-native species when moving large volumes of untreated lake, reservoir and river water.

Development of cities and the demands of agriculture mean that huge volumes of untreated water from lakes, reservoirs and rivers are now routinely moved large distances, across countries, up to hundreds of miles, using pipelines, tunnels and water supply canals. Known as raw water transfers schemes, these projects are essential for human uses but risk moving not just water but also wildlife, spreading invasive and non-native species, such as zander fish and zebra mussels.

In a series of new papers, researchers from Newcastle University and the University of Stirling are now warning that invasive species can be moved between often unlinked waterbodies by the intentional transfer of water and call for action.

The National Lottery Heritage Fund has awarded more than £3m to a programme working to restore nature and protect heritage on Dartmoor.

Dartmoor National Park Authority said the Dartmoor Dynamic Landscapes partnership was given £3,124,179 to help restore nature and protect and "enhance the cultural heritage" in the area.

It said the work would help deliver a wide range of projects covering rivers, habitat and species conservation, as well as creative events and engagement activities.

A Welsh rewilding charity backed by Iolo Williams has successfully raised over £90,000 following a community appeal to help establish Wales’ largest ecosystem restoration project.

Tir Natur (‘Nature’s Land’) made headlines in November 2024 after launching a crowdfunder to help secure over 1000 acres of marginal upland farm to showcase rewilding and the importance of large grazing animals in restoring depleted ecosystems.

On 6 January 2025, Tir Natur’s appeal, which began with an initial target of £20,000, ended having raised £70,000 from 662 individual donations , including matchfunding from Aviva.

The crowdfunder also offered a reward of sponsoring a 3 x 3m square of land through What Three Words for donations of £50 or more which are still available to sponsor.

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Funds raised will contribute towards the deposit and associated costs, due in Spring 2025. The location of the land will be revealed after this point.

Besides rewilding with native broadleef trees and other native fauna, they hope to introduce ancient breeds of grazing animals to the land to roam and shape the landscape, allowing wildlife to flourish alongside thriving communities, while informing and inspiring further nature-led restoration.

More than anything, they say, “it would offer hope for nature – gobaith i natur”.

Herefordshire's two MPs have urged the government to invest millions of pounds into tackling agricultural pollution along the River Wye.

It comes after the Labour government said it would not continue with a £35m action plan for the river, launched by the previous Conservative government.

The plan faced criticism from environmental groups for falling "far short" of what was needed, and for applying primarily to England, not Wales.

A marshland nature reserve built with the help of more than three million tonnes of soil from the Crossrail scheme is to be expanded.

RSPB Wallasea Island, in Essex, includes vast amounts of material excavated during the construction of tunnels beneath London for the Elizabeth Line.

This was brought to Wallasea by ship and used to raise land levels and create a new 115-hectare intertidal area of salt marsh, islands and mudflats at the Crouch and Roach estuaries.

In the third round of the Carbon Innovation Fund, a partnership between Co-op and their charity, the Co-op Foundation, Derbyshire Wildlife Trust was selected amongst seven organisations across the UK to develop innovative ways to grow the food we need without damaging precious UK peatlands.

Peatlands are some of the most carbon-rich ecosystems on earth, storing twice as much carbon as the world’s forests, and play a role in cooling the planet, supporting biodiversity and reducing flood risk.

However, because peatland is also nutrient rich, it is sometimes drained to grow crops or broken up to put the peat into compost. This degradation of peatland causes greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity loss and destroys some of the UK’s most important ecosystems.

The first early sighting of frogspawn for a national survey was recorded in a garden pond in the Isles of Scilly, a wildlife trust has said.

The Freshwater Habitats Trust said the early record on 21 December 2024, submitted by Carole Cilia for the PondNet Spawn Survey, was soon followed by sightings in Cornwall and Devon.

Frogspawn are jelly-like frog eggs that appear at the edges of ponds and streams, and normally it is a sign spring has arrived, according to the National History Museum, external.

RAF bases are hotspots of toxic “forever chemical” pollution in water, analysis of Ministry of Defence documents has revealed.

Moreover, some of the highest concentrations of these chemicals in British drinking water sources are near RAF bases, official sampling results obtained by the Guardian and Watershed Investigations show.

PFAS, known as forever chemicals due to their indestructible nature, include PFOS and PFOA, which are toxic and linked to cancers, thyroid disease, and fertility problems. These two have been banned, but more than 10,000 PFAS are still in use, many of which are thought to have unknown toxic effects.

Downing Street has blocked plans to release wild beavers in England because officials view it as a “Tory legacy”, the Guardian can reveal.

Natural England, the government’s nature watchdog, has drawn up a plan for reintroductions of the rodent, which until about 20 years ago had been extinct in Britain for 400 years, having been hunted for their fur, meat and scent oil. Beavers create useful habitats for wildlife and reduce flooding by breaking up waterways, slowing water flow, and creating still pools.

The reintroduction plan was signed off in recent weeks by the environment secretary, Steve Reed, who passed it to No 10. But there it was blocked by senior Downing Street officials, who were not in favour of the policy as they view it as a “Tory legacy”, sources said.

Children in pyjamas and residents of urban tenement blocks joined a three-year project to help boost wildlife on their doorsteps in Scotland.

In total, more than 1,000 people took part in a host of wild activities as part of Perth and Stirling Wild Spaces.

The scheme, run by national charity Butterfly Conservation, created and maintained 20 Wild Spaces for butterflies, moths and other wildlife to live in, helping local people to connect with nature.

A new species of fungi and sightings of rare migrant birds were among the wildlife highlights for last year, naturalists have said.

The Berkshire, Buckinghamshire & Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust (BBOWT) said changing weather patterns and extreme rain made 2024 a "difficult year for our native for wildlife", but its annual survey revealed encouraging success stories.

Dozens of members of the Women's Institute (WI) have begun testing a river's water as part of a long-term project to improve its biodiversity.

Three groups at Amble, Warkworth and Rothbury in Northumberland are part of the Coquet River Action Group (Crag), a new partnership of community groups which want to protect the river catchment.

They have begun testing at 30 sites along the river to produce a database of information about the river's health.

Ministers to appeal against river pollution ruling won by Yorkshire anglers

High court had ruled government was not meeting legal duty to clean up Costa Beck near Pickering Sandra Laville Tue 14 Jan 2025 06.00 GMT

The UK environment secretary, Steve Reed, is pursuing legal action against a group of anglers who are trying to restore the ecosystem of a river.

Lawyers for Reed will argue on Tuesday in the court of appeal that cleaning up individual rivers and streams devastated by pollution is administratively unworkable.

The appeal was begun by the previous Conservative administration, after Pickering Fishery Association, a fishing club in North Yorkshire, won a landmark legal case against the government and the Environment Agency.

A water company is releasing sewage into a stream connected to Lake Windermere using a permit that has not been updated in more than 30 years.

The permit, which allows United Utilities to release waste into the national park site, is “unfit for purpose” and contributes to high levels of pollution and biodiversity decline in the area, according to campaigners.

The sewage being released has been treated, but campaigners say the “primitive” treatment methods at the site mean the wastewater is still harmful to the environment.

A decade-long conservation project to restore the fortunes of pine martens across Britain has hit a major milestone.

A collaboration between Vincent Wildlife Trust (VWT) and Forestry and Land Scotland has seen pine martens from the latter's forests boost populations in Wales, Gloucestershire and Devon - with more than 100 animals successfully translocated.

Dr Jenny MacPherson, principal scientist at VWT, said pine martens were once on the brink of extinction because of habitat loss and historical persecution.

Beavers have been filmed in the Avalon Marshes.

The animals have been living in the River Bue for some time, but staff at the marshes said it was the first time they had been seen on the Somerset Wetlands National Nature Reserve.

Natural England has asked people to not try to find the beavers as they were a protected species and should not be disturbed.

A floating reedbed has been launched on Heronry Pond in Wanstead Park, on the East London-side of Epping Forest, to create additional habitat for wildlife and help improve water quality.

The launch of the 160-square-metre floating reedbed is part of a £100,000 project to improve overall water quality in the 44,500-square-metre pond.

Environmental charity Thames21 is working closely with The Rivers Trust and the City of London Corporation, which manages Epping Forest as a registered charity, on the project. The project is funded by soft drinks manufacturer Britvic.

The RSPB's Big Garden Birdwatch returns for the 46th consecutive year next weekend [24-26 January], with hundreds of thousands of people expected to be watching and counting the UK's garden birds.

The world's largest garden wildlife survey, which has been taking place since 1979, has since become a much-loved annual event that helps give the RSPB a valuable snapshot of how our garden birds are doing in the UK.

Over that time, 172 million birds have been counted and nearly 11 million hours spent watching garden birds.

A couple from Cornwall have filmed a "rare" and "exciting" sighting of potential orcas off of Cornwall's coast. While unconfirmed, video footage shows a pod of animals sharing some distinct features swimming off the coast of Hayle.

Paul Ensell, from the area, said he and his wife spotted "around half a dozen" of what he believed to be orcas - sometimes referred to as killer whales - breaching during a dog walk.

The video footage, captured between Godrevy and St Ives, is quite grainy due to how zoomed in it is but shows a pod with seemingly black and white features - synonymous with the orca - breaching from the water. The last confirmed sighting of orcas in Cornwall was in 2021 which makes this a particularly exciting possibility for marine life.

Urgent and collective action is needed now if Wales is to redress the balance between the degradation and protection of our natural resources given the nature, climate, and pollution emergencies we now face.

This is the call from experts at Natural Resources Wales (NRW) following the publication of the interim State of Natural Resources Report (SoNaRR 2025), marking a crucial step towards understanding and protecting the vital components of nature that underpin our everyday lives.

As one of the requirements of the Environment Act, NRW publishes the SoNaRR report every five years, assessing the pressures Wales’s ecosystems face, their quality and their contributions to our well-being. It covers the quality of our waters, the air that we breathe, the value and benefits we gain from our land, seas, urban and green spaces, and the richness of our plants, animals and insects.

An Oxfordshire wildlife group has started a campaign to raise awareness of red kites and encourage people to stop feeding them.

Mike Acreman, trustee of Wild About Wallingford, said there had been "a change in the behaviour" of some of the birds which were now associating people with food.

He said there had been reports of kites sweeping closer to people and even affecting pets.

Mr Acreman said the campaign aimed to promote "how wonderful kites are" but also to "manage interactions with wildlife".

Scientists have identified a glyphosate-resistant weed on a farm in the UK for the first time, raising concerns about the controversial herbicide.

Scientists at the agricultural consultancy ADAS, said that, after reports from agronomists and screening of seed samples from a farm in Kent, they had confirmed glyphosate resistance in Italian ryegrass, an annual grass weed that particularly affects wheat fields in the UK. This is the first time glyphosate resistance in weeds has been detected in the UK.

Glyphosate is the world’s most intensively used herbicide. In the UK, it is used to prepare fields for sowing crops by clearing all vegetation from the land. It kills weeds by inhibiting EPSP synthase, an enzyme involved in plant growth, while not damaging crops that have been genetically modified to be glyphosate-tolerant.