pap1rus

That's called alienation/objectivation. Unfortunately we are and probably will be stuck with that for a long time to come.

Shardingsphere

Try start with How to design programs 2nd which has a online version. The authors believe everyone could have fun programming and so am I.

Most of the time, you just don't need that much math to write codes and to be a good application developer.

Bottom right or middle right.

If all you want is to familiarize yourself with some basic programing concepts, programming language constructs (types, expressions and control statements like if and while) and was able to solve some simple problems with basic algorithms, I think your current setup is enough. You can learn all these on your 6 GB RAM laptop.

But if you were gonna learn programing in certain domains, for exmaple, most of deep learning things is both computing intensive and IO bound, you might be forced to consider upgrading your PC.

https://opendatastructures.org/

true, I don't see any definitions of memory safety in "Defining the memory safe problem" , but a more detailed discussion of memory safety is in the other article http://www.pl-enthusiast.net/2014/07/21/memory-safety/

Racket is a very good start point, everything you need even the IDE was bundled in the racket installer, as for the textbook I recommend HtDP 2nd https://htdp.org/2020-5-6/Book/index.html

StandardML, but without the module system, I would rather want a typeclass/trait/interface.

If you know about web frontend/backend development and want to land a job on cybersecurity, then you might wanna give penetration testing a try?

flatpak basically does the same thing but with a much better performance and less memory footprint, you could try it on ubuntu.

Probably a boost from a better cooling condition.