this post was submitted on 21 Oct 2023
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Edit: whoops, missed your first first question. Yes, fred et al come from Proto-Germanic frithuz, which is constructed from frijaz (free) plus noun suffix -thus.
Well as for the ~~first~~ second one, language families tend to have different roots for the same thing, of which different ones will become preferred in different regions. Both of these words actually work in both Russian and Polish, it is just that one of them is archaic.
As for the ~~second~~ third one, I don't think they're supposed to be the same colour. As far as I know, they are unrelated.
For your ~~third~~ fourth question, no clue. I might look into it someday.
For Turkish and Hungarian, there used to be a proposed link between finno-ungric languages and turkic languages, but it seems that modern linguistics rejects that and they states that any similarities are due to contact alone.